Since the first genome-scale comparisons, it has been evident that the genomes of many
species are unbound by strict vertical descent: Large differences in gene content can occur …

Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and
abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EV s) that play a central role in intercellular signaling in
mammals by transporting proteins and small RNAs. Plants are also known to produce EV s …

Unlike animals, plants are immobile and could not actively escape the effects of aggressive
environmental factors, such as pathogenic microorganisms, insect pests, parasitic plants …

Dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are obligate parasitic plants that obtain water and nutrients from the
stems of host plants via specialized feeding structures called haustoria. Dodder haustoria …

Wild animals and plants have developed a variety of adaptive traits driven by adaptive
evolution, an important strategy for species survival and persistence. Uncovering the …

Grafting is an ancient agricultural practice that joins the root system (rootstock) of one plant
to the shoot (scion) of another. It is most commonly employed in woody perennial crops to …

The concept that proteins and small RNAs can move to and function in distant body parts is
well established. However, non-cell-autonomy of small RNA molecules raises the question …

Parasitic plants thrive by infecting other plants. Flowering plants evolved parasitism
independently at least 12 times, in all cases develo** a unique multicellular organ called …

Communication occurs when a sender emits a cue perceived by a receiver that changes the
receiver's behavior. Plants perceive information regarding light, water, other nutrients, touch …