Long-standing research on electric and electromagnetic field interactions with biological
cells and their subcellular structures has mainly focused on the low-and high-frequency …

Microtubules are hollow, cylindrical polymers of the protein α, β tubulin, that interact
mechanochemically with a variety of macromolecules. Due to their mechanically robust …

Multiple prior empirical and theoretical studies have demonstrated wire-like flow of electrons
and ions along elements of the cytoskeleton but this has never been linked to a biological …

The greatest mystery of life is how a single fertilized egg develops into a fully functioning,
sometimes conscious multicellular organism. Embryogenesis Explained offers a new theory …

A number of solitary wave solutions for microtubules (MTs) are observed in this article by
using the modified exp-function approach. We tackle the problem by treating the results as …

Microtubules are cylindrically shaped cytoskeletal biopolymers that are essential for cell
motility, cell division and intracellular trafficking. Here, we investigate their polyelectrolyte …

Many cellular activities are mediated by microtubules (MTs), with most electrophysiological
processes depending on ionic flow through MT cylinders. This paper addresses such …

Microtubules are highly negatively charged proteins which have been shown to behave as
bio-nanowires capable of conducting ionic currents. The electrical characteristics of …

In this article, a variety of solitary wave solutions are observed for microtubules (MTs). We
approach the problem by treating the solutions as nonlinear RLC transmission lines and …

Microtubules are very important cytoskeletal structures implicated in different cellular
activities. We should mention the cell division and traffic of organelles (mitochondria …