The large number of ion channels found in all nervous systems poses fundamental
questions concerning how the characteristic intrinsic properties of single neurons are …

Brain circuitry processes information by rapidly and selectively engaging functional neuronal
networks. The dynamic formation of networks is often evident in rhythmically synchronized …

Across all kingdoms in the tree of life, calcium (Ca2+) is an essential element used by cells
to respond and adapt to constantly changing environments. In multicellular organisms, it …

Dopamine‐releasing neurons within the Substantia nigra (SN DA) are particularly
vulnerable to degeneration compared to other dopaminergic neurons. The age‐dependent …

The use of specific activators and inhibitors that penetrate the central nervous system has
suggested an essential functional role of L-type calcium channels (LTCC) in several …

The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) mainly arise from degeneration of
dopamine neurons within the substantia nigra. As no disease-modifying PD therapies are …

Dopamine (DA) releasing midbrain neurons are essential for multiple brain functions, such
as voluntary movement, working memory, emotion and cognition. DA midbrain neurons …

Dopamine midbrain neurons within the substantia nigra are particularly prone to
degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Their selective loss causes the major motor symptoms …

Loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons leads to Parkinson's disease; however, the mechanism
(s) for the vulnerability of DA neurons is (are) not fully understood. We demonstrate that …

Ca2+-influx through L-type Ca2+-channels (LTCCs) is associated with activity-related
stressful oscillations of Ca2+ levels within dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia …