Evolutionary models of chronic pain are relatively undeveloped, but mainly concern
dysregulation of an efficient acute defence, or false alarm. Here, a third possibility, mismatch …

One of the striking features of human social complexity is that we provide care to sick and
contagious individuals, rather than avoiding them. Care-giving is a powerful strategy of …

The Late Pleistocene Shanidar 1 older adult male Neandertal is known for the crushing
fracture of his left orbit with a probable reduction in vision, the loss of his right forearm and …

Evolutionary biology and many of its foundational concepts are grounded in a history of
ableism and eugenics. The field has not made a concerted effort to divest our concepts and …

We report the physical and behavioral development of one severely disabled female infant
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of the well-habituated M group in the Mahale …

Congenital malformations, conditions, injuries, and illness can lead to long‐term physical
impairment and disability in nonhuman primates. How individual primates change their …

Previous studies have shown that humans experience negative emotions when seeing
contextual cues of others' pain, such as injury (ie, empathic pain), even without observing …

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed an urgent need for a comprehensive,
multidisciplinary understanding of how healthcare systems respond successfully to …

This paper considers the nature of the debate over Shanidar 1, Romito 2 and Aubesier 11,
among other skeletal remains from Europe and western Asia, and whether they provide …

The emergence of providing care to diseased conspecifics must have been a turning point
during the evolution of hominin sociality. On a population level, care may have minimized …