The Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere (TI) are characterized by perpetual variability as
integral parts of the atmosphere system, with intermittent disturbances from solar and …

There are several external sources of ionospheric forcing, including these are solar wind-
magnetospheric processes and lower atmospheric winds and waves. In this work we review …

Gravity wave characteristics in the middle-to high-latitude Southern Hemisphere are
analyzed using simulation data over 3 yr from a high-resolution middle-atmosphere general …

Abstract The Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) was designed to
quantify gravity wave (GW) dynamics and effects from orographic and other sources to …

Reanalysis data are used to evaluate the evolution of polar vortex geometry, planetary wave
drag, and gravity wave drag prior to split versus displacement sudden stratospheric …

This note discusses the relation between our knowledge of gravity waves and the
parameterization of their effects in global models. Improving these parameterizations …

The increase of spatial resolution allows the ECMWF operational model to explicitly resolve
a significant portion of the atmospheric gravity wave (GW) field, but the realism of the …

The roles of planetary waves (PWs) and gravity waves (GWs) are examined during a
realistic major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW), simulated in the National Center for …

Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) simulations are used to investigate
solar and lunar tide changes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) that occur in …

Global model data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
(ECMWF) are analyzed for resolved gravity waves (GWs). Based on fitted 3-D wave vectors …