The skeletal system is the basis of the vertebral body composition, which affords stabilization
sites for muscle attachment, protects vital organs, stores mineral ions, supplies places to the …

Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple
diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and …

Systematic bone loss is commonly complicated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)
with unclear pathogenesis and uncertain treatment. In experimental colitis mouse models …

Osteoporotic fractures lead to increased disability and mortality in the elderly population.
With the rapid increase in the aging population around the globe, more effective treatments …

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that results from the imbalance of
homeostasis within the bone. Intra-bone homeostasis is dependent on a precise dynamic …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by elevated blood glucose and advanced glycation
end product (AGEs) levels. Increased AGEs in bone tissue inhibit osteogenic differentiation …

Osteoporosis, one of the serious health diseases, involves bone mass loss, bone density
diminishing, and degeneration of bone microstructure, which is accompanied by a tendency …

The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in
both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways …

Periodontitis involves the loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone. Single cell
RNA-seq experiments have provided new insight into how resident cells and infiltrating …

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systematic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and fragile
bone microarchitecture. Conventional treatment for OP has limited efficacy and long‐term …