The consumption of fungi by animals is a significant trophic interaction in most terrestrial
ecosystems, yet the role mammals play in these associations has been incompletely …

Dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi via animals and the importance for the interacting partners' life
history as well as for ecosystems is an understudied topic. In this review, we describe the …

The black rat, roof rat, or ship rat (Rattus rattus L.) is among the most widespread invasive
vertebrates on islands and continents, and it is nearly ubiquitous on Pacific islands from the …

Aerial dispersal of fungal spores is common, but the role of wind and air movement in
dispersal of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is largely unknown. Several studies …

Seed dispersal allows plants to colonise new sites and escape from pathogens and
intraspecific competition, maintaining plant genetic diversity and regulating plant distribution …

Fungi are essential components of all ecosystems in roles including symbiotic partners,
decomposers and nutrient cyclers and as a source of food for vertebrates and invertebrates …

The ability to construe and to interpret cause–effect relations is critical to the task of
knowledge building in science. It is essential to understanding investigative processes and …

Deserts cover a significant proportion of the Earth's surface and continue to expand as a
consequence of climate change. Mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are …

Hypogeous sequestrate (truffle-like) fungi rely primarily on consumption by mammals for
dispersal. Most truffle-like fungi are ectomycorrhizal, making mammalian dispersers …

Small forest dwelling mammals are considered to be major consumers and vectors of
hypogeous ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which have lost the ability of active spore …