Numerous light-based diagnostic and therapeutic devices are routinely used in the clinic.
These devices have a familiar look as items plugged in the wall or placed at patients' …

Optogenetic tools have provided a new way to establish causal relationships between brain
activity and behaviour in health and disease. Although no animal model captures human …

Optogenetics allows rapid, temporally specific control of neuronal activity by targeted
expression and activation of light-sensitive proteins. Implementation typically requires …

Successful integration of advanced semiconductor devices with biological systems will
accelerate basic scientific discoveries and their translation into clinical technologies. In …

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in the brain's reward circuit have a crucial
role in mediating stress responses,,,, including determining susceptibility versus resilience to …

Deciding when and whether to move is critical for survival. Loss of dopamine neurons
(DANs) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson's disease …

We develop soft and stretchable fatigue-resistant hydrogel optical fibers that enable
optogenetic modulation of peripheral nerves in naturally behaving animals during persistent …

The co-morbidity of anxiety and dysfunctional reward processing in illnesses such as
addiction and depression suggests that common neural circuitry contributes to these …

The dentate gyrus (DG), in addition to its role in learning and memory, is increasingly
implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. Here, we show that, dependent on …

Memory traces are believed to be ensembles of cells used to store memories. To visualize
memory traces, we created a transgenic line that allows for the comparison between cells …