Fast development of the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) technology demands extra
surgical skills training to meet advanced technological challenges. However, massive …

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) based training has greatly changed surgeons learning
mode. It can simulate the surgery from the visual, auditory, and tactile aspects. VR medical …

Virtual reality (VR) medical simulators with visual and haptic feedback provide an efficient
and cost-effective alternative without any risk to the traditional training approaches …

Background Bipolar hemostasis electrocoagulation is a fundamental procedure in
neurosurgery. A precise electrocoagulation model is essential to enable realistic visual …

In this work a pancreatic surgery simulator is developed that provides the user with haptic
feedback. The simulator is based on the use of model order reduction techniques …

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is used to treat cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Because the
high risk of the surgery prevents novice doctors from practicing it on real patients, VR-based …

Background Liver resection involves surgical removal of a portion of the liver. It is used to
treat liver tumors and liver injuries. The complexity and high-risk nature of this surgery …

Purpose Boolean operations in computer-aided design or computer graphics are a set of
operations (eg intersection, union, subtraction) between two objects (eg a patient model and …

Context-aware surgical system is a system that can collect surgical data and analyze the
operating environment to guide responses for surgeons at any given time, which improves …

The Publisher and Editor have been informed that the article was submitted to the journal
without the consent of all the coauthors. The coauthor Suvranu De expressed concerns …