Abstract The Pliocene Epoch (∼ 5.3–2.6 million years ago, Ma) was characterized by a
warmer than present climate with smaller Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and offers an …

Applications of fossil shells of planktonic foraminifera to decipher past environmental
change and plankton evolution require a robust operational taxonomy. In this respect, extant …

The ocean—the Earth's largest ecosystem—is increasingly affected by anthropogenic
climate change,. Large and globally consistent shifts have been detected in species …

Theory suggests that the ocean's biological carbon pump, the process by which organic
matter is produced at the surface and transferred to the deep ocean, is sensitive to …

Photosymbiosis has played a key role in the diversification of foraminifera and their
carbonate production throughout geologic history. However, identification of photosymbiosis …

Abstract The cold Last Glacial Maximum, around 20,000 years ago, provides a useful test
case for evaluating whether climate models can simulate climate states distinct from the …

The climate of the last two millennia was characterized by decadal to multicentennial
variations, which were recorded in terrestrial records and had important societal impacts …

Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is the dominant planktonic foraminifera species in the polar
regions. In the northern high-latitude ocean, it makes up more than 90% of the total …

Species of planktonic foraminifera exhibit specific seasonal production patterns and different
preferred vertical habitats. The seasonal and vertical habitats are not constant throughout …

Ocean dynamics in the equatorial Pacific drive tropical climate patterns that affect marine
and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. How this region will respond to global warming has …