The lead-based reactor is one of the fourth-generation nuclear energy systems with
excellent development prospects. It has attracted much attention because of its unique …

Turbulent heat transfer is a complex phenomenon, which is ubiquitous in engineering
applications and has challenged turbulence modellers for several decades. In an attempt to …

Thermal-hydraulics is recognized as a key safety challenge in the development of liquid
metal cooled reactors. At nominal operating conditions, the Prandtl number of liquid metals …

Accurately simulating the flow and heat transfer in a compact assembly is a critical concern
in the core design of the lead-cooled fast reactor. The key to numerical heat transfer lies in …

Turbulent heat flux (THF) models are used for the closure of the THF term when solving the
steady/unsteady Reynolds-averaged scalar transport equation to simulate the turbulent heat …

The paper presents the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a confined backward facing
(BFS) step geometry with a flow of two fluids with Prandtl numbers 0.005 and 0.1. The …

In the numerical simulation of turbulent heat transfer, a reliable representation of the
turbulent flow field is a prerequisite in order to obtain an accurate prediction of the thermal …

In this paper, the turbulent mixed convection in a channel flow with differentially heated walls
is considered for a fixed Richardson number (Ri b= 0.5) and three different Prandtl numbers …

Compared to assuming a constant turbulent Prandtl number model, an advanced four-
equation model has the potential to improve the numerical heat transfer calculation accuracy …

The LBE-cooled fast reactor (LFR) has received significant attention due to its diverse
applications. However, numerical heat transfer simulations encounter challenges with lead …