Direct and indirect reciprocity are two fundamental mechanisms that promote prosocial
behavior within groups and across societies. Here, we review recent work that illustrates …

Direct reciprocity is the tendency to repay others' cooperation. This tendency can be crucial
to maintain cooperation in evolving populations. Once direct reciprocity evolves, individuals …

Covering the major topics of evolutionary game theory, Game-Theoretical Models in Biology,
Second Edition presents both abstract and practical mathematical models of real biological …

Models of indirect reciprocity study how social norms promote cooperation. In these models,
cooperative individuals build up a positive reputation, which in turn helps them in their future …

The recycled resources industry (RRI) is considered one of the pillars for sustainable
development. Few studies to date have evaluated the innovation regime in RRI, although it …

The field of indirect reciprocity investigates how social norms can foster cooperation when
individuals continuously monitor and assess each other's social interactions. By adhering to …

Reciprocity is a simple principle for cooperation that explains many of the patterns of how
humans seek and receive help from each other. To capture reciprocity, traditional models …

In repeated social interactions, individuals often employ reciprocal strategies to maintain
cooperation. To explore the emergence of reciprocity, many theoretical models assume …

Reputations provide a powerful mechanism to sustain cooperation, as individuals cooperate
with those of good social standing. But how should someone's reputation be updated as we …

Indirect reciprocity is a key explanation for the exceptional magnitude of cooperation among
humans. This literature suggests that a large proportion of human cooperation is driven by …