Enterococcus spp. are Gram-positive, facultative, anaerobic cocci, which are found in the
intestinal flora and, less frequently, in the vagina or mouth. Enterococcus faecalis and …

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in current practical medicine. The
spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of …

Enterococcus species are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract in humans and animals,
and due to their ubiquity in human and animal feces and their persistence in the …

The genus Enterococcus consists of facultative Gram-positive cocci that have been isolated
from a variety of animals, plants and environmental sources. Although fifty-eight species …

Enterococcus are opportunistic pathogens that have been gaining importance in the clinical
setting, especially in terms of hospital-acquired infections. This problem has mainly been …

Antibiotics, considered a “wonder medication” in the 20th century, have been exploited to
such an extent that bacteria have developed resistance against them giving rise to highly …

Bacteria acquire β-lactam resistance through a multitude of mechanisms among which
production of β-lactamases (enzymes that hydrolyze β-lactams) is the most common …

Enterococcus lactis and the heterotypic synonym Enterococcus xinjiangensis from dairy
origin have recently been identified as a novel species based on 16S rRNA gene sequence …

Antibiotic poly-resistance (multidrug-, extreme-, and pan-drug resistance) is controlled by
adaptive evolution. Darwinian and Lamarckian interpretations of resistance evolution are …

vi have extensive, in-depth experience and expertise in microbial nanobiotechnology took
the time and effort to develop the outstanding chapters. We wish to thank Mr. Eric Stannard …