Oxygen is vital for cellular metabolism; therefore, the hypoxic conditions encountered at high
altitude affect all physiological functions. Acute hypoxia activates the adrenergic system and …

Since the 1960s there has been an escalation in the purposeful utilization of altitude to
enhance endurance athletic performance. This has been mirrored by a parallel …

The (patho-) physiological responses to hypoxia are highly heterogeneous between
individuals. In this review, we focused on the roles of sex differences, which emerge as …

Background: One of the goals of altitude training is to increase blood oxygen-carrying
capacity in order to improve sea-level endurance performance in athletes. The elevated …

Recent reports suggest that high‐altitude residence may be beneficial in the novel
coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) implicating that traveling to high places or using hypoxic …

Background: Altitude training is often regarded as an indispensable tool for the success of
elite endurance athletes. Historically, altitude training emerged as a key strategy to prepare …

Human responses to hypoxia (ie, reduced O2 supply) range from immediate adjustments
(minutes to hours) to prolonged adaptations (several weeks) within various physiological …

Background Enhancement in maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max) induced by hypoxic
training is important for both athletes and non-athletes. However, the lack of comparison of …

Older individuals represent a growing population, in industrialized countries, particularly
those with cardiovascular diseases, which remain the leading cause of death in western …

The use of exercise intervention in hypoxia has grown in popularity amongst patients, with
encouraging results compared to similar intervention in normoxia. The prescription of …