Photonic time-varying systems have attracted significant attention owing to their rich physics
and potential opportunities for new and enhanced functionalities. In this context, the duality …

Integrated photonics at near-IR (NIR) wavelengths currently lacks high bandwidth and low-
voltage modulators, which add electro-optic functionality to passive circuits. Here, integrated …

Abstract Second-order (χ (2)) optical nonlinearity is one of the most common mechanisms for
modulating and generating coherent light in photonic devices. Due to strong photon …

Growing global data traffic requires high-performance modulators with a compact size, a
large bandwidth, a low optical loss, and a small power consumption. A careful trade-off …

The linear electro-optic effect offers a valuable means to control light properties via an
external electric field. Lithium niobate (LN), with its high electro-optic coefficients and broad …

Lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) are present in a wide range of
technologies and though fulfilling the performance and reliability requirements of present …

The ability to manipulate the refractive index is a fundamental principle underlying
numerous photonic devices. Various techniques exist to modify the refractive index across …

The organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides with chiral structures have attracted great
attentions in the field of optoelectronic functional materials, especially for nonlinear optics …

Research in optical metasurfaces has explosively grown in recent years, primarily due to
their ability of exercising complete control over the transmitted and reflected fields …

The linear electro-optic (Pockels) effect provides a mechanism for the rapid (and ideally
lossless) modulation of a material's refractive index. Barium titanate (BTO), a complex oxide …