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Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

Molnupiravir, an antiviral medication widely used against severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), acts by inducing mutations in the virus genome during …

Accurate estimates of virus mutation rates are important to understand the evolution of the
viruses and to combat them. However, methods of estimation are varied and often complex …

Directed evolution is a powerful approach for engineering biomolecules and understanding
adaptation. However, experimental strategies for directed evolution are notoriously labor …

Understanding the factors that determine the rate at which genomes generate and fix
mutations provides important insights into key evolutionary mechanisms. We review our …

It is commonly held that there is a fundamental relationship between genome size and error
rate, manifest as a notional “error threshold” that sets an upper limit on genome sizes. The …

RNA viruses face dynamic environments and are masters at adaptation. During their
short'lifespans', they must surmount multiple physical, anatomical and immunological …

Most RNA viruses lack the mechanisms to recognize and correct mutations that arise during
genome replication, resulting in quasispecies diversity that is required for pathogenesis and …

Replication fidelity of RNA virus genomes is constrained by the opposing necessities of
generating sufficient diversity for adaptation and maintaining genetic stability, but it is …