Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies using DNA, RNA, or methylation
sequencing have impacted enormously on the life sciences. NGS is the choice for large …

INTRODUCTION Bacteria are the most diverse and abundant cellular organisms on Earth,
and in recent years environmental genomics has revealed the existence of an enormous …

Chloroplasts arose from cyanobacteria, mitochondria arose from proteobacteria. Both
organelles have conserved their prokaryotic biochemistry, but their genomes are reduced …

The dichotomy that separates prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells runs deep. The transition
from pro-to eukaryote evolution is poorly understood due to a lack of reliable intermediate …

Eukaryotic genomes are known to have garnered innovations from both archaeal and
bacterial domains but the sequence of events that led to the complex gene repertoire of …

Virus genomes are prone to extensive gene loss, gain, and exchange and share no
universal genes. Therefore, in a broad-scale study of virus evolution, gene and genome …

In this hypothesis article, we explore the origin of the eukaryotic nucleus. In doing so, we first
look afresh at the nature of this defining feature of the eukaryotic cell and its core functions …

Microsporidia are an abundant group of obligate intracellular parasites of other eukaryotes,
including immunocompromised humans, but the molecular basis of their intracellular …

Endosymbiotic theory in eukaryotic-cell evolution rests upon a foundation of three
cornerstone partners—the plastid (a cyanobacterium), the mitochondrion (a …