Spatial solitons have shown great promise for various applications, but their limited stability
in terms of beam movement has been a significant hindrance. This limitation is especially …

The bending bright spatial optical soliton generation in a photorefractive Fe-doped lithium
niobate (LN: Fe) crystal controlled by pyroelectric effect is demonstrated experimentally. A …

We report the observation of spatial confinement of a pump beam into a photorefractive
solitonic channel induced by luminescence [luminescence induced spatial soliton (LISS)] …

Surface-wave solitons, induced by the pyroelectric effect, are formed at the interface
between a photorefractive ferroelectric medium and a linear medium. These optical solitons …

We propose a time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical model where iron impurities
and polarons are both considered photoactive centers to explain beam self-trap** in …

We have reviewed recent developments of some aspects of optical spatial solitons in
photorefractive media. Underlying principles governing the dynamics of photorefractive …

We propose a powerful method to numerically solve the propagation of light in a
photorefractive medium in the presence of both applied field and photogalvanic nonlinearity …

In the present paper we review the physics of soliton formation in lithium niobate by means
of photorefractive nonlinearity. Considering the waveguides that such solitonic beams leave …

A theory to characterize the time-dependent formation of spatial solitons in biased
photorefractive-photovoltaic materials is presented that provides the screening soliton's …

We show that the time-dependent nonlinear wave equation in closed-circuit photovoltaic
media can exhibit quasi-steady-state and steady-state spatial solitons. We demonstrate that …