One of the most important causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world is
ischemic stroke. It can be a result of multiple events such as embolism with a cardiac origin …

Inflammatory processes are firmly established as central to the development and
complications of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers have …

The accumulation of CD28− T cells, particularly within the CD8 subset, is one of the most
prominent changes during T-cell homeostasis and function associated with aging in …

antibodies concomitant with larger atherosclerotic lesions that contained abundant CD4
cells. OxLDL is the type of LDL that is more likely to undergo uptake by macrophages, which …

Immune responses to certain heat-shock proteins (HSPs) develop in almost all inflammatory
diseases; however, the significance of such responses is only now becoming clear. In …

Experimental models of atherogenesis have provided a growing body of information about
molecular mechanisms of plaque growth; however, transition from coronary stability to …

A large body of evidence produced during decades of research indicates that myocardial
injury activates innate immunity. On the one hand, innate immunity both aggravates …

Despite advances in treatment of patients who suffer from ischemic heart disease, morbidity
related to myocardial infarction is increasing in Western societies. Acute and chronic …

Atherosclerosis is a pathologic process affecting blood vessels, which leads to the
development of cardiovascular disease. The immune system is involved in atherogenesis …

Both the chronic development of atherosclerotic lesions and the acute changes in lesion
phenotype that lead to clinical cardiovascular events are significantly influenced by the …