Aquaculture plays an increasingly significant role in improving the sustainability of global
fish production. This sector has been intensified with the advent of new husbandry practices …

Along with the intensification of culture systems to meet the increasing global demands,
there was an elevated risk for diseases outbreak and substantial loss for farmers. In view of …

It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well‐
being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as …

There is a rapidly growing literature, indicating success of probiotics and prebiotics in
immunomodulation, namely the stimulation of innate, cellular and humoral immune …

Background The diseases in fish and other economic aquatic species is a great concern,
and every year it causes a huge loss in aquaculture sectors. The use of probiotics might be a …

Probiotics are usually live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts
confer a health benefits on host. Nowadays, probiotics are also becoming an integral part of …

Teleost mucosal immunity has become the subject of unprecedented research studies in
recent years because of its diversity and defining characteristics. Its immune repertoire is …

Salmonids are an important contributor to fish production in many countries. Concerted
research efforts have concentrated on optimising production with eco-friendly alternatives to …

All metazoans possess innate immune defence system whereas parameters of the adaptive
immune system make their first appearance in the gnathostomata, the jawed vertebrates …

The increase of productivity in aquaculture has been accompanied by ecological impacts
including emergence of a large variety of pathogens and bacterial resistance. These impacts …