High-temperature superconductors and their large-scale applications
For decades, superconductor materials have promised high power, high efficiency and
compact machines. However, as of 2024, commercial applications are limited. One of the …
compact machines. However, as of 2024, commercial applications are limited. One of the …
[HTML][HTML] ENN's roadmap for proton-boron fusion based on spherical torus
ENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.(ENN) is committed to generating
fusion energy in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner, which requires …
fusion energy in an environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner, which requires …
[HTML][HTML] The spherical tokamak path to fusion power: Opportunities and challenges for development via public–private partnerships
D Kingham, M Gryaznevich - Physics of Plasmas, 2024 - pubs.aip.org
In this article, we aim to show that the spherical tokamak (ST) device with high temperature
superconducting (HTS) magnets could offer the quickest and lowest risk path to develop …
superconducting (HTS) magnets could offer the quickest and lowest risk path to develop …
Overview of recent results from the ST40 compact high-field spherical tokamak
ST40 is a compact, high-field (BT0≤ 2.1 T) spherical tokamak (ST) with a mission to expand
the physics and technology basis for the ST route to commercial fusion. The ST40 research …
the physics and technology basis for the ST route to commercial fusion. The ST40 research …
Overview of EXL-50 research progress and future plan
Y Shi, Y Wang, B Liu, X Song, S Song, X Jiang… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2025 - arxiv.org
XuanLong-50 (EXL-50) is the first medium-size spherical torus (ST) in China, with the
toroidal field at major radius at 50 cm around 0.5 T. CS-free and non-inductive current drive …
toroidal field at major radius at 50 cm around 0.5 T. CS-free and non-inductive current drive …
Linear instabilities in the hot-ion regime in a high-field spherical tokamak
Y Ren, SM Kaye, MSA Tzanis, M Sertoli… - Plasma Physics and …, 2023 - iopscience.iop.org
The present operating high-field compact spherical tokamak ST40 is an important step
toward an ST-based fusion reactor (Gryaznevich and Asunta 2017 Fusion Eng. Des. 123 …
toward an ST-based fusion reactor (Gryaznevich and Asunta 2017 Fusion Eng. Des. 123 …
From minimum-viable-products to full models: a step-wise development of diagnostic forward models in support of design, analysis and modelling on the ST40 …
Like most magnetic confined fusion experiments, the ST40 tokamak started off with a small
subset of diagnostics and gradually increased the diagnostic set to include more complex …
subset of diagnostics and gradually increased the diagnostic set to include more complex …
[HTML][HTML] Emulation techniques for scenario and classical control design of tokamak plasmas
The optimization of scenarios and design of real-time-control in tokamaks, especially for
machines still in design phase, requires a comprehensive exploration of solutions to the …
machines still in design phase, requires a comprehensive exploration of solutions to the …
[HTML][HTML] Experimental observations of bifurcated power decay lengths in the near Scrape-Off Layer of ST40 High Field Spherical Tokamak
X Zhang, C Marsden, M Moscheni… - Nuclear Materials and …, 2024 - Elsevier
The scrape-off layer parallel heat flux decay lengths measured at ST40, a high field, low
aspect ratio spherical tokamak, have been observed to bifurcate into two groups. The wide …
aspect ratio spherical tokamak, have been observed to bifurcate into two groups. The wide …
Isotope dependence of transport in ST40 hot ion mode plasmas
The ST40 compact, high-field spherical tokamak, operating at 2.1 T and with 1.8 MW of
neutral beam heating, achieved central carbon impurity ion temperatures in excess of 10 …
neutral beam heating, achieved central carbon impurity ion temperatures in excess of 10 …