SUMMARY The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis is responsible for deadly plague, a
zoonotic disease established in stable foci in the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia. Its …

Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant bacteria present a frequent threat to vulnerable patient
populations in hospitals around the world. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly …

In the fourteenth century the Old World witnessed a series of profound and abrupt changes
in the trajectory of long-established historical trends. Transcontinental networks of exchange …

Over the past decade, a genomics revolution, made possible through the development of
high-throughput sequencing, has triggered considerable progress in the study of ancient …

The bacteria Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague and has caused human
pandemics with millions of deaths in historic times. How and when it originated remains …

Microbiology is important to food safety, production, processing, preservation, and storage.
Microbes such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts are employed for the foods production and …

Insertion sequences (ISs), arguably the smallest and most numerous autonomous
transposable elements (TEs), are important players in sha** their host genomes. This …

Multilocus sequence ty** (MLST) was proposed in 1998 as a portable sequence-based
method for identifying clonal relationships among bacteria. Today, in the whole-genome era …

Abstract The Black Death, often called the largest pandemic in human history, is
conventionally defined as the massive plague outbreak of 1346 to 1353 ce that struck the …

Technological advances in DNA recovery and sequencing have drastically expanded the
scope of genetic analyses of ancient specimens to the extent that full genomic investigations …