Monocytes and macrophages are central players of the innate immune response and play a
pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation. Thereby, they actively participate in all phases …

Monocytes and macrophages are central cells of the innate immune system, responsible for
defending against diverse pathogens. While they originate from a common myeloid …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent the first line of host defense against microbial infection
and play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs recognize invading …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic multifactorial and complex neuro-degenerative
disorder characterized by memory impairment and the loss of cognitive ability, which is a …

Caspase-3 is an essential executioner of apoptosis responsible for regulating many
important cellular processes, among them the number of circulating monocytes, central …

Abstract Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is one of the most common proinflammatory
cytokine responsible for various inflammatory disorders. It has a remarkable role in the …

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling
pathway in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Materials and methods Mucosal …

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is an effector of immune suppression and contributes to
a permissive tumor microenvironment that compromises effective immunotherapy. We …

The lung innate immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) coordinates cellular
inflammation, mediator, and protease release essential for host defense but deleterious in …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play pivotal roles in cancer initiation and
progression. Monocytes, the precursors of TAMs, normally undergo spontaneous apoptosis …