The Paris Agreement long‐term global temperature goal refers to two global warming levels:
well below 2° C and 1.5° C above preindustrial. Regional climate signals at specific global …

Predictability is considered in the context of the seamless weather‐climate prediction
problem, and the notion is developed that there can be predictive power on all time‐scales …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

This study analyzes areal changes and regional climate variations in global semi-arid
regions over 61 years (1948–2008) and investigates the dynamics of global semi-arid …

The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the dominant year-round pattern of monthly North
Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability, is an important target of ongoing research …

A new index is developed for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, termed the IPO Tripole
Index (TPI). The IPO is associated with a distinct 'tripole'pattern of sea surface temperature …

The scientific understanding of the Earth's climate system, including the central question of
how the climate system is likely to respond to human-induced perturbations, is …

Observational analysis suggests that the western tropical Pacific (WTP) sea surface
temperature (SST) shows predominant variability over multidecadal time scales, which is …

Prediction of monsoon changes in the coming decades is important for infrastructure
planning and sustainable economic development. The decadal prediction involves both …

Summer climate in the North Atlantic–European sector possesses a principal pattern of year-
to-year variability that is the parallel to the well-known North Atlantic Oscillation in winter …