This review article presents several pitfalls and limitations of image interpretation of
anatomical risk factors for patellar instability. The most important imaging examinations for …

The tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance was originally described for computed
tomography (CT) but has recently been used on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without …

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can quantify muscle
mass and quality. However, it is still unclear if CT and MRI derived measurements can be …

Purpose The primary outcome of interest of this study was to determine the frequency,
location, and extent of chondral injuries and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) tears …

JBJS JBJS Journal Case Connector Reviews JBJS.org Surgical Techniques Open Access JOPA
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Purpose To report the outcomes for combined tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) and medial
patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and assess for potential risk factors for …

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in tibial tuberosity–trochlear
groove (TTTG) distance with knee flexion in patients with patellar instability and correlate it …

Background: The purposes of the present study were (1) to measure the tibial tuberosity-
trochlear groove distance and its components with the knee in extension,(2) to determine …

Background Tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is a measurement generally
made on CT scans that is commonly used to quantify the risk of patellofemoral instability …

Patellofemoral instability (PFI) encompasses symptomatic patellar instability, patella
subluxations, and frank dislocations. Previous studies have estimated the incidence of acute …