Thermal modification of wood—A review: Chemical changes and hygroscopicity

C Hill, M Altgen, L Rautkari - Journal of Materials Science, 2021 - Springer
Thermal modification is a well-established commercial technology for improving the
dimensional stability and durability of timber. Numerous reviews of thermally modified timber …

Quality control methods for thermally modified wood: COST action FP0904 2010–2014: Thermo-hydro-mechanical wood behaviour and processing

W Willems, C Lykidis, M Altgen, L Clauder - Holzforschung, 2015 - degruyter.com
Thermally modified wood (TMW) is currently produced commercially by a range of
processes across many countries. A prerequisite of the commercial success is an efficient …

Wood moisture content during the thermal modification process affects the improvement in hygroscopicity of Scots pine sapwood

M Altgen, T Hofmann, H Militz - Wood Science and Technology, 2016 - Springer
Elevated wood moisture contents during the thermal modification process have been shown
to adversely affect the improvement in dimensional stability and hygroscopicity. This study …

Effect of oxidizing thermal modification on the chemical properties and thermal conductivity of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) wood

I Čabalová, E Výbohová, R Igaz, L Kristak… - … Material Science & …, 2022 - Taylor & Francis
This research work aims to investigate the effects of thermal modification and wood cutting
direction (transverse, radial and tangential) on the content of extractives, lignin, cellulose …

Wood degradation affected by process conditions during thermal modification of European beech in a high-pressure reactor system

M Altgen, W Willems, H Militz - European Journal of Wood and Wood …, 2016 - Springer
The degradation of beech wood during a thermal modification process in a high-pressure
reactor system using steam as medium was investigated. The wood was modified at different …

The water vapor sorption mechanism and its hysteresis in wood: the water/void mixture postulate

W Willems - Wood science and technology, 2014 - Springer
A new method of wood moisture sorption analysis is presented using sorption isotherms of a
series of mildly heat-treated specimens with varied and known elemental composition. This …

Hygrothermolytic wood modification. process description and treatment level characterisation

W Willems, M Altgen - Wood Material Science & Engineering, 2020 - Taylor & Francis
This article describes and explains a relatively unknown thermal wood modification process
in pressurised unsaturated steam. Compared to other processes for the thermal conversion …

New insights into the evolution of solid and liquid phases during hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomasses

A Gallifuoco, L Taglieri, F Scimia, AA Papa… - Biomass and …, 2019 - Elsevier
This paper is the first illustration of an innovative procedure for studying the dynamics of
condensed phases in hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic waste. A novel …

Comparison of EMC and durability of heat treated wood from high versus low water vapour pressure reactor systems

W Willems, M Altgen, H Militz - International Wood Products …, 2015 - journals.sagepub.com
A large number of different heating technologies has been put into use for industrial scale
thermal modification of wood. A useful classification of these processes is by the level of …

Alteration of physico-chemical characteristics of coconut endocarp—Acrocomia aculeata—by isothermal pyrolysis in the range 250–550° C

S Duarte, P Lv, G Almeida, JC Rolón, P Perre - Journal of Analytical and …, 2017 - Elsevier
Characteristics of the endocarp of Acrocomia aculeata fruit samples were evaluated before
and after 2 h of isothermal pyrolysis in the range 250–550° C. Differential thermogravimetric …