International economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternatives to
military conflict since the end of the Cold War. This chapter surveys various approaches to …

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the use of economic sanctions for foreign
policy purposes since World War I. It does so by reviewing 116 cases in which sanctions …

This paper examines whether economic sanctions destabilize authoritarian rulers. We argue
that the effect of sanctions is mediated by the type of authoritarian regime against which …

Why do economic sanctions sometimes succeed, but often fail, to produce a policy change?
The authors argue that the effect of economic punishment is conditional on a state's political …

This article presents a case study of the effectiveness of the US unilateral trade and financial
sanctions on Iran. To assess the trade sanctions' effect, the US–Iran historical trade data are …

Research indicates that if third parties provide assistance to sanctioned states, the sanctions
are less likely to be successful. However, the scholarship on the profile of sanctions busters …

This article explores how international sanctions affect authoritarian rulers' decisions
concerning repression and public spending composition. Rulers whose budgets are not …

Economic sanctions are frequently used as a tool of foreign policy, described by some as
falling between diplomacy and military force. An important question regarding the use of …

Despite clear expectations that sanctions busters undermine the effectiveness of economic
sanctions, most empirical studies of the phenomenon fail to find that they significantly affect …

In recent years, the international community has increasingly come to abandon the use of
comprehensive sanctions in favour of targeted sanctions. Unlike adopting a coercive …