OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and
the occurrence of ADHD in offspring. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane …

Studies suggest that the bidirectional relationship existent between the gut microbiome (GM)
and the central nervous system (CNS), or so-called the microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA) …

Researchers have identified environmental risks that predict subsequent psychological and
medical problems. Based on these correlational findings, researchers have developed and …

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder
that commonly occurs in children with a prevalence ranging from 3.4 to 7.2%. It profoundly …

Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common cognitive and
behavioural disorder diagnosed among school children. It is characterized by deficient …

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the association of exposures to tobacco
smoke and environmental lead with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods …

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder
that affects 8–12% of children and> 4% of adults. Environmental factors are believed to …

The period of in utero development is one of the most critical windows during which adverse
intrauterine conditions and exposures can influence the growth and development of the …

BackgroundExposure to prenatal stress is associated with later adverse health and
adjustment outcomes. This is generally presumed to arise through early environmentally …

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of
childhood. Although abnormalities in several brain regions and disturbances of the …