The predominantly animal-centric approach of chemical safety assessment has increasingly
come under pressure. Society is questioning overall performance, sustainability, continued …

Advances in the biological sciences have led to an ongoing paradigm shift in toxicity testing
based on expanded application of high-throughput in vitro screening and in silico methods …

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have tremendous potential to produce beneficial
technological impact in numerous sectors in society. Safety assessment is, of course, of …

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are a recent toxicological construct that connects, in a
formalized, transparent and quality-controlled way, mechanistic information to apical …

Chemical toxicity evaluations for drugs, consumer products, and environmental chemicals
have a critical impact on human health. Traditional animal models to evaluate chemical …

We assess the advancement of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling
and simulation (M&S) over the last 20 years (start of 2000 to end of 2019) focusing on the …

Multiple non-animal-based test methods have never been formally validated. In order to use
such new approach methods (NAMs) in a regulatory context, criteria to define their …

Abstract Systems-oriented approaches involving integrated in vitro and in silico models are
emerging as a basis for future risk assessment strategies to address the current challenge in …

An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network is an attempt to represent the complexity of
systems toxicology. This study illustrates how an AOP network can be derived and analysed …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway senses unfolded proteins and regulates
proteostasis and cell fate through activity of the transcription factors ATF4, ATF6, and XBP1 …