For many years, the dominant theoretical framework guiding research into the neural origins
of perceptual experience has been provided by hierarchical feedforward models, in which …

Research on predictive processing models has focused largely on two specific algorithmic
theories: Predictive Coding for perception and Active Inference for decision-making. While …

While great strides have been made in using deep learning algorithms to solve supervised
learning tasks, the problem of unsupervised learning-leveraging unlabeled examples to …

The neocortex is a complex neurobiological system with many interacting regions. How
these regions work together to subserve flexible behavior and cognition has become …

Sensory signals are highly structured in both space and time. These structural regularities in
visual information allow expectations to form about future stimulation, thereby facilitating …

The intimate connection between the brain and the heart was enunciated by Claude
Bernard over 150 years ago. In our neurovisceral integration model we have tried to build on …

We propose a Survival Optimization System (SOS) to account for the strategies that humans
and other animals use to defend against recurring and novel threats. The SOS attempts to …

Background The tremendous clinical and aetiological diversity among individuals with
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been a major obstacle to the development of new …

To efficiently learn from feedback, cortical networks need to update synaptic weights on
multiple levels of cortical hierarchy. An effective and well-known algorithm for computing …

This Perspective reviews recent findings in placebo hypoalgesia and provides a conceptual
account of how expectations and experience can lead to placebo hypoalgesia. In particular …