The ability to produce polysaccharides with diverse biological functions is widespread in
bacteria. In lactic acid bacteria (LAB), production of polysaccharides has long been …

In bacteremia the majority of bacterial species are killed by oxidation on the surface of
erythrocytes and digested by local phagocytes in the liver and the spleen. Sepsis-causing …

The majority of bacteremias do not develop to sepsis: bacteria are cleared from the
bloodstream. Oxygen released from erythrocytes and humoral immunity kill bacteria in the …

Capsular polysaccharides and exopolysaccharides play critical roles in bacterial survival
strategies, and they can have important medical and industrial applications. An immense …

Many bacteria export extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and capsular polysaccharides
(CPS). These polymers exhibit remarkably diverse structures and play important roles in the …

Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key device in numerous cellular functions in eukaryotes, but in
bacteria this protein modification was largely ignored until the mid-1990s. The first …

Reversible protein phosphorylation is a major mechanism in the regulation of fundamental
signalling events in all living organisms. Bacteria have been shown to possess a versatile …

The Gram-positive cell wall consists of peptidoglycan functionalized with anionic
glycopolymers, such as wall teichoic acid and capsular polysaccharide (CP). How the …

Bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are produced by a multi-protein membrane
complex, in which a particular type of tyrosine-autokinases named BY-kinases, regulate their …

Bacteria were thought to be devoid of tyrosine-phosphorylating enzymes. However, several
tyrosine kinases without similarity to their eukaryotic counterparts have recently been …