Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however,
assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations …

The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) over long and short timescales, as well as potential drivers of evolutionary …

The evolution of Earth's climate on geological timescales is largely driven by variations in
the magnitude of total solar irradiance (TSI) and changes in the greenhouse gas content of …

Dissolved oxygen (O2) is essential for most ocean ecosystems, fuelling organisms'
respiration and facilitating the cycling of carbon and nutrients. Oxygen measurements have …

The ecosystem approach to ecology treats organisms and the physical elements of their
environment as components of a single, integrated system. This comprehensive textbook …

Since 65 million years ago (Ma), Earth's climate has undergone a significant and complex
evolution, the finer details of which are now coming to light through investigations of deep …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

The nine editions of Stable Isotope Geochemistry have appeared over a time span of nearly
50 years. The first edition (1973) appeared as a slim book of 135 pages. Due to the rapid …

The alkenone–p CO2 methodology has been used to reconstruct the partial pressure of
ancient atmospheric carbon dioxide (p CO2) for the past 45 million years of Earth's history …