Radiation therapy while important in the management of several diseases, is implicated in
the causation of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications. Cancer and …

Interleukin-1 is a cytokine with potent inflammatory and immune-amplifying effects, mainly
produced by macrophages during defensive reactions. In mammals, IL-1 is a superfamily of …

Monocytes and tissue macrophages produce at least two groups of protein mediators of
inflammation, interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Recent studies have …

Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells from lymph node germinal centers control follicular helper T
(Tfh) cell–dependent B cell activation. These scarce cells, often described and purified as …

Summary Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) consists of two molecules, IL‐1α and IL‐1β, and IL‐1 receptor
antagonist (IL‐1Ra) is a natural inhibitor of these molecules. Although the adjuvant effects of …

Materials and Methods Animals. The C57BL/10 (B10. A) mice were originally purchased
from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME), and bred and maintained in our animal …

The structure of human recombinant interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) has been refined by a
restrained least-squares method to a crystallographic R factor of 17.2% to 2.0 A resolution …

Mucosal immunization with soluble protein Ag alone may induce Ag-specific tolerance,
whereas mucosal immunization with Ag in the presence of a mucosal adjuvant may induce …

Oral administration of soluble protein Ag induces tolerance, a phenomenon that has
hampered mucosal vaccine design. To provoke active immunity, orally administered Ag …

Various cytokines have been shown to be effective immunological adjuvants in a variety of
model systems, enhancing protection induced by viral, bacterial and parasitic vaccines, and …