Tantalum, an important metal for high-technology applications, is recovered from oxide
minerals that are present as minor constituents in rare-metal granites and granitic rare …

The continental crust covers nearly a third of the Earth's surface. It is buoyant—being less
dense than the crust under the surrounding oceans—and is compositionally evolved …

The lower plate is the dominant agent in modern convergent margins characterized by
active subduction, as negatively buoyant oceanic lithosphere sinks into the asthenosphere …

The covariant behavior of Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopes during most magmatic processes has
long been recognized, but the details of this behavior in the depleted mantle reservoir have …

We report new Hf (and Nd) data for more than 100 sedimentary samples, recent to Archean
in age, from a wide range of depositional environments. These data document the behavior …

Construction and assembly of the Geologic Time Scale involves:(a) constructing a relative
(chronostratigraphic) standard scale for key periods in the Earth's rock record;(b) identifying …

This substantially revised edition includes recently published information relating to plate
tectonics and continental origin. A large number of new figures have been added, and new …

We present a new analysis of the lithospheric architecture of Africa, and its evolution from ca.
3.6 Ga to the present. Upper-lithosphere domains, generated or reworked in different time …

North-central Cameroon is part of the Central African Fold Belt (CAFB) to the north of the
Congo craton. In pre-drift reconstructions of Pangea, the CAFB matches with the Borborema …

Birimian terranes from West Africa (Mauritania, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Niger)
comprise two major units: a dominantly mafic bimodal volcanic unit and a volcano‐detrital …