Forecasting and early warning systems are important investments to protect lives, properties,
and livelihood. While early warning systems are frequently used to predict the magnitude …

Environmental degradation is on the rise due to escalating pollution caused by raw material
depletion and the increasing demand for concrete products. Consequently, researchers and …

Managing flood risk, ie both the hazard and the potential consequences, is an important
aspect of adapting to global change and has gained much traction in recent decades. As a …

In modern society, critical infrastructures (CIs) resilience has become a critical issue in crisis
management and CIs protection. However, various threats/hazards could lead to disruption …

This review describes the mechanisms of lahars and debris flows, and their impacts on
buildings, infrastructure and other valuables. Lahars are a type of debris flow restricted to …

Effective natural hazard risk assessment requires the characterisation of both hazards and
vulnerabilities of exposed elements. Volcanic hazard assessment is at an advanced state …

Recent developments in recycling techniques have transformed non-renewable resources
into partially renewable resources. In this regard, the function of supplementary cementitious …

The Earth's history is punctuated by large explosive eruptions that eject large quantities of
magma and silicate rock fragments into the atmosphere. These tephra particles can …

Magma fragmentation is the breakup of a continuous volume of molten rock into discrete
pieces, called pyroclasts. Because magma contains bubbles of compressible magmatic …

Subsurface reflectors in radar sounder data from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface
and Ionospheric Sounding instrument aboard the Mars Express spacecraft indicate …