Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Coastal global oceans are expected to undergo drastic changes driven by climate change
and increasing anthropogenic pressures in coming decades. Predicting specific future …

BACKGROUND Oxygen concentrations in both the open ocean and coastal waters have
been declining since at least the middle of the 20th century. This oxygen loss, or …

This article provides an overview of the impacts of climate change stressors (temperature,
ocean acidification, sea-level rise, and hypoxia) on estuarine and marine biota (algae …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and
coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of …

The Baltic Sea is one of the world's marine areas well-covered by both long-term
observations and oceanographic studies. It is also a large coastal area in which …

Resolving the combined effect of climate warming and exploitation in a food web context is
key for predicting future biomass production, size‐structure and potential yields of marine …

Five decades of stomach content data allowed insight into the development of consumption,
diet composition, and resulting somatic growth of Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod) in the eastern …

Oxygen is crucial for the survival of marine species. Yet, the ocean has experienced a loss of
approximately 2% of its oxygen inventory since the last century, resulting in adverse impacts …