▪ Abstract The coexistence in the deep ocean of a finite, stable stratification, a strong
meridional overturning circulation, and mesoscale eddies raises complex questions …

We review what is known about the convective process in the open ocean, in which the
properties of large volumes of water are changed by intermittent, deep‐reaching convection …

We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modern observations to study
the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the …

A new global climate model, MRI-CGCM3, has been developed at the Meteorological
Research Institute (MRI). This model is an overall upgrade of MRI's former climate model …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

The atmosphere and ocean are two of the most important components of the climate system,
and fluid dynamics is central to our understanding of both. This book provides a unified and …

This chapter assesses the capacity of the global climate models used elsewhere in this
report for projecting future climate change. Confidence in model estimates of future climate …

Results are presented from a new version of the Hadley Centre coupled model (HadCM3)
that does not require flux adjustments to prevent large climate drifts in the simulation. The …

Mesoscale eddies play a substantial role in the dynamics of the ocean, but the dominant
length-scale of these eddies varies greatly with latitude, stratification and ocean depth …

This manual describes the details of the numerical methods and discretization used in the
Parallel Ocean Program (POP), a level-coordinate ocean general circulation model that …