The SERS effect was initially discovered in the 1970s. Early research focused on
understanding the phenomenon and increasing enhancement to achieve single molecule …

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has become a mature vibrational
spectroscopic technique during the last decades and the number of applications in the …

Raman spectroscopy can be used to measure the chemical composition of a sample, which
can in turn be used to extract biological information. Many materials have characteristic …

Raman spectroscopy (RS). It was first observed that molecules of interest, when excited in
the vicinity of or on rough metal substrates, exhibited an increase in Raman scattering up to …

Within the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) framework, it is of utmost importance to
obtain critical process and formulation information during pharmaceutical processing …

The main goal of a novel drug development is to obtain it with optimal physiochemical,
pharmaceutical and biological properties. Pharmaceutical companies and scientists modify …

Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and other drugs of abuse are
destructive, so evidence cannot be re‐analyzed. Raman spectroscopy, based on inelastic …

Raman scattering is an inelastic phenomenon. Although its cross section is very small,
recent advances in electronics, lasers, optics, and nanotechnology have made Raman …

This paper reviews recent developments in the design and application of two types of optical
nanosensor, those based on:(1) localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy …

To gain a better understanding on structure, chemical composition and properties of plant
cells, tissues and organs several microscopic, chemical and physical methods have been …