Lysosomes serve as the cellular recycling centre and are filled with numerous hydrolases
that can degrade most cellular macromolecules. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization …

Bax and Bak are two nuclear-encoded proteins present in higher eukaryotes that are able to
pierce the mitochondrial outer membrane to mediate cell death by apoptosis. Thus …

We present here a model for how chemical reactions generate protrusive forces by rectifying
Brownian motion. This sort of energy transduction drives a number of intracellular …

Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax are members of the Bcl-2 family that play key roles in the regulation of
apoptosis. These proteins are believed to be membrane bound and their ability to undergo …

Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) occurs in response to a large variety of cell
death stimuli causing release of cathepsins from the lysosomal lumen into the cytosol where …

The crystal structure of the diphtheria toxin dimer at 2.5 Å resolution reveals a Y-shaped
molecule of three domains. The catalytic domain, called fragment A, is of the α+ β type …

▪ Abstract Anthrax toxin consists of three nontoxic proteins that associate in binary or ternary
combinations to form toxic complexes at the surface of mammalian cells. One of these …

Diphtheria toxin is one of the most extensively studied and well understood bacterial toxins.
Ever since its discovery in the late 1800's this toxin has occupied a central focus in the field …

Immunotoxins are conjugates of cell-reactive antibodies and toxins or their subunits. In this
report, the chemistry, biology, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor effects of first generation …

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Although it
remains unclear how these family members control apoptosis, they clearly have the capacity …