Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels
owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well …

Fibrosis is a process characterized by an excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix
as a response to different types of tissue injuries, which leads to organ dysfunction. The …

Plenty of microRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered at a rapid pace in plants, green algae,
viruses and animals. As one of the most important components in the cell, miRNAs play a …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Atrial fibrosis has
emerged as an important pathophysiological contributor and has been linked to AF …

The natriuretic peptide family consists of three biologically active peptides: atrial natriuretic
peptide (ANP), brain (or B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non‐coding RNAs, which have evoked a great deal
of interest due to their importance in many aspects of homeostasis and diseases …

Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are in the spotlight as post-transcriptional regulators of
gene expression. More than 1,000 miRNAs are encoded in the human genome. In this …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with structural, electrical, and contractile remodeling of
the atria. Development and progression of atrial fibrosis is the hallmark of structural …

In recent years, diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic and now represents one of the
most prevalent disorders. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality and …

Fibrosis is a pathological feature of most chronic inflammatory diseases. Fibrosis, or
scarring, is defined by the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix components. If highly …