Growth in fundamental drivers—energy use, economic productivity and population—can
provide quantitative indications of the proposed boundary between the Holocene Epoch and …

BACKGROUND Oxygen concentrations in both the open ocean and coastal waters have
been declining since at least the middle of the 20th century. This oxygen loss, or …

Coastal eutrophication and hypoxia remain a persistent environmental crisis despite the
great efforts to reduce nutrient loading and mitigate associated environmental damages …

Vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCEs; ie, mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses) play a
critical role in global carbon (C) cycling, storing 10× more C than temperate forests. Methane …

Maximum (aerobic) metabolic rate (MMR) is defined here as the maximum rate of oxygen
consumption (O2max) that a fish can achieve at a given temperature under any ecologically …

Extensive time and financial resources have been dedicated to address nonpoint sources of
nitrogen and phosphorus in watersheds. Despite these efforts, many watersheds have not …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Upwelling is critical to the biological production, acidification, and deoxygenation of the
ocean's major eastern boundary current ecosystems. A leading conceptual hypothesis …

Predicting the ecological causes and consequences of global climate change requires a
variety of approaches, including the use of experiments, models, and surveys. Among …

Coastal hypoxia is an increasingly recognized environmental issue of global concern to both
the scientific community and the general public. We assessed the relative contributions from …