Introduction Under specific conditions, a weak lead stimulus, or “prepulse”, can inhibit the
startling effects of a subsequent intense abrupt stimulus. This startle-inhibiting effect of the …

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the related urocortin peptides mediate behavioral,
cognitive, autonomic, neuroendocrine and immunologic responses to aversive stimuli by …

The widely accepted stress-diathesis hypothesis of depression postulates that genetic
factors contribute to biological vulnerability. Based on this concept, the unpredictable …

Objective: Persistent stress and life events affect the course of ulcerative colitis and irritable
bowel syndrome by largely unknown mechanisms. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) …

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders that include generalized anxiety disorder
(GAD), panic disorder, phobic disorders (eg, specific phobias, agoraphobia, social phobia) …

Markers of hyperactive central corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) systems and CRF‐related
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in patients with anxiety and …

Animal models of depression seldom test females, even though women are twice as likely
as men to suffer from major depressive disorder. Since female mice are sensitive to social …

Rationale Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) produces anxiety-like and aversive effects
when infused directly into the various regions of the brain, including the bed nucleus of the …

Our dynamic environment regularly exposes us to potentially life-threatening challenges or
stressors. To answer these challenges and maintain homeostasis, the stress response, an …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disease, which affects 8–10% of the
population exposed to traumatic events. The factors that make certain individuals …