A three-ring circus: metabolism of the three proteogenic aromatic amino acids and their role in the health of plants and animals

A Parthasarathy, PJ Cross, RCJ Dobson… - Frontiers in molecular …, 2018 - frontiersin.org
Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan are the three aromatic amino acids (AAA) involved
in protein synthesis. These amino acids and their metabolism are linked to the synthesis of a …

Kynurenines in the CNS: recent advances and new questions

L Vécsei, L Szalárdy, F Fülöp, J Toldi - Nature reviews Drug discovery, 2013 - nature.com
Various pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) are accompanied by alterations in
tryptophan metabolism. The main metabolic route of tryptophan degradation is the …

Abnormal kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in cardiovascular diseases

P Song, T Ramprasath, H Wang, MH Zou - Cellular and Molecular Life …, 2017 - Springer
Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary path of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in most
mammalian cells. The KP generates several bioactive catabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn) …

Mechanistic conformational and substrate selectivity profiles emerging in the evolution of enzymes via parallel trajectories

CS Karamitros, K Murray, Y Kumada… - Nature …, 2024 - nature.com
Laboratory evolution studies have demonstrated that parallel evolutionary trajectories can
lead to genetically distinct enzymes with high activity towards a non-preferred substrate …

Leveraging intrinsic flexibility to engineer enhanced enzyme catalytic activity

CS Karamitros, K Murray, B Winemiller, C Lamb… - Proceedings of the …, 2022 - pnas.org
Dynamic motions of enzymes occurring on a broad range of timescales play a pivotal role in
all steps of the reaction pathway, including substrate binding, catalysis, and product release …

Kynurenine pathway metabolites and enzymes involved in redox reactions

DG Esquivel, D Ramírez-Ortega, B Pineda, N Castro… - …, 2017 - Elsevier
Oxido-reduction reactions are a fundamental part of the life due to support many vital
biological processes as cellular respiration and glucose oxidation. In the redox reactions …

Of mice, rats and men: revisiting the quinolinic acid hypothesis of Huntington's disease

R Schwarcz, P Guidetti, KV Sathyasaikumar… - Progress in …, 2010 - Elsevier
The neurodegenerative disease Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expanded
polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the protein huntingtin (htt). Although the gene encoding htt …

Tryptophan metabolism in atherosclerosis and diabetes

E Sudar-Milovanovic, Z Gluvic… - Current medicinal …, 2022 - benthamdirect.com
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) undergoes catabolism through several pathways,
producing biologically active metabolites that significantly impact physiological processes …

Bypassing evolutionary dead ends and switching the rate-limiting step of a human immunotherapeutic enzyme

J Blazeck, CS Karamitros, K Ford, C Somody… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
The Trp metabolite l-kynurenine (KYN) accumulates in numerous solid tumours and
mediates potent immunosuppression. Bacterial kynureninases (KYNases), which …

Chemistry and diversity of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate dependent enzymes

RS Phillips - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and …, 2015 - Elsevier
Abstract Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) is a versatile cofactor that enzymes use to catalyze
a wide variety of reactions of amino acids, including transamination, decarboxylation …