Layering, instabilities, and mixing in turbulent stratified flows

CP Caulfield - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2021 - annualreviews.org
Understanding how turbulence leads to the enhanced irreversible transport of heat and
other scalars such as salt and pollutants in density-stratified fluids is a fundamental and …

Instability in stratified shear flow: Review of a physical interpretation based on interacting waves

JR Carpenter, EW Tedford… - Applied …, 2011 - asmedigitalcollection.asme.org
Instability in homogeneous and density stratified shear flows may be interpreted in terms of
the interaction of two (or more) otherwise free waves in the velocity and density profiles …

Turbulent mixing due to the Holmboe wave instability at high Reynolds number

H Salehipour, CP Caulfield, WR Peltier - Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2016 - cambridge.org
We consider numerically the transition to turbulence and associated mixing in stratified
shear flows with initial velocity distribution. Despite their vastly different mechanics (ie …

Shear-induced breaking of large internal solitary waves

D Fructus, M Carr, J Grue, A Jensen… - Journal of Fluid …, 2009 - cambridge.org
The stability properties of 24 experimentally generated internal solitary waves (ISWs) of
extremely large amplitude, all with minimum Richardson number less than 1/4, are …

Observation and analysis of shear instability in the Fraser River estuary

EW Tedford, JR Carpenter, R Pawlowicz… - Journal of …, 2009 - Wiley Online Library
We investigate the occurrence of shear instability in the Fraser River estuary. Instabilities
observed with an echo sounder are compared with a linear stability analysis based on …

Identifying unstable modes in stratified shear layers

JR Carpenter, NJ Balmforth, GA Lawrence - Physics of Fluids, 2010 - pubs.aip.org
One interpretation of the mechanism of instability in stratified shear flows is based on the
idea that two independently propagating waves may interact to cause mutual growth in one …

[HTML][HTML] Stratified shear instabilities in diurnal warm layers

KG Hughes, JN Moum, EL Shroyer… - Journal of Physical …, 2021 - journals.ametsoc.org
In low winds (≲ 2 ms− 1), diurnal warm layers form, but shear in the near-surface jet is too
weak to generate shear instability and mixing. In high winds (≳ 8 ms− 1), surface heat is …

Asymmetric Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in stratified shear flows

AJK Yang, ML Timmermans, GA Lawrence - Physical Review Fluids, 2024 - APS
In this study we explore the effect of an offset between the velocity and density interfaces on
the dynamics and mixing of the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability in stratified shear flows …

Evolution and mixing of asymmetric Holmboe instabilities

JR Carpenter, GA Lawrence, WD Smyth - Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007 - cambridge.org
When a stably stratified density interface is embedded in a region of strong velocity shear,
hydrodynamic instabilities result. Here we generalize the stratified shear layer to allow an …

Mixing in symmetric Holmboe waves

WD Smyth, JR Carpenter… - Journal of physical …, 2007 - journals.ametsoc.org
Direct simulations are used to study turbulence and mixing in Holmboe waves. Previous
results showing that mixing in Holmboe waves is comparable to that found in the better …