Despite the simplicity of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and its success in solving
some optimization problems, it faces many issues. Thus, WOA has attracted scholars' …

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has received great interest in the recent decade, due
to its importance in critical application domains, such as self-driving cars, law, and …

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated tremendous capabilities in solving
complex tasks, from quantitative reasoning to understanding natural language. However …

Recently, many metaheuristic optimization algorithms have been developed to address real-
world issues. In this study, a new physics-based metaheuristic called Fick's law optimization …

Abstract The Firefly Algorithm (FA) is a highly efficient population-based optimization
technique developed by mimicking the flashing behavior of fireflies when mating. This article …

Multi-agent systems (MASs) have received tremendous attention from scholars in different
disciplines, including computer science and civil engineering, as a means to solve complex …

This paper introduces a comprehensive survey of a new population-based algorithm so-
called gradient-based optimizer (GBO) and analyzes its major features. GBO considers as …

Scientists aim to discover meaningful formulae that accurately describe experimental data.
Mathematical models of natural phenomena can be manually created from domain …

This paper introduces a comprehensive survey of a new swarm intelligence optimization
algorithm so-called Harris hawks optimization (HHO) and analyzes its major features. HHO …

As the 1990s drew to a close it became just a question of time. For almost two decades, in sf,
advertising, popular and academic journals, corporate portfolios, funding applications, etc …