Midbrain dopamine signals are widely thought to report reward prediction errors that drive
learning in the basal ganglia. However, dopamine has also been implicated in various …

This review focuses on covert attention and how it alters early vision. I explain why attention
is considered a selective process, the constructs of covert attention, spatial endogenous and …

This book argues that there is a joint in nature between seeing and thinking, perception, and
cognition. Perception is constitutively iconic, nonconceptual, and nonpropositional, whereas …

Most brain functions involve interactions among multiple, distinct areas or nuclei. For
instance, visual processing in primates requires the appropriate relaying of signals across …

Summary" Degree of certainty" refers to the subjective belief, prior to feedback, that a
decision is correct. A reliable estimate of certainty is essential for prediction, learning from …

Rationality principles such as optimal feedback control and Bayesian inference underpin a
probabilistic framework that has accounted for a range of empirical phenomena in biological …

Statistical regularities in the environment create prior beliefs that we rely on to optimize our
behavior when sensory information is uncertain. Bayesian theory formalizes how prior …

A decision is a commitment to a proposition or plan of action based on information and
values associated with the possible outcomes. The process operates in a flexible timeframe …

Brain function involves the activity of neuronal populations. Much recent effort has been
devoted to measuring the activity of neuronal populations in different parts of the brain under …

Speech production has been studied predominantly from within two traditions,
psycholinguistics and motor control. These traditions have rarely interacted, and the …