Gene duplication has generally been viewed as a necessary source of material for the origin
of evolutionary novelties, but it is unclear how often gene duplicates arise and how …

▪ Abstract The genomes from three mammals (human, mouse, and rat), two worms, and
several yeasts have been sequenced, and more genomes will be completed in the near …

Our understanding of the causes of molecular evolution is not as certain as it was a decade
ago when Kimura's neutral theory appeared to explain major features of DNA conservation …

A maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate the synonymous and
nonsynonymous substitution rates in 48 nuclear genes from primates, artiodactyls, and …

Knowledge of the rate of point mutation is of fundamental importance, because mutations
are a vital source of genetic novelty and a significant cause of human diseases. Currently …

The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts larger generation-time effects for
synonymous than for nonsynonymous substitutions. This prediction is tested using the …

Attempts to analyze variation in the rates of molecular evolution among mammalian lineages
have been hampered by paucity of data and by nonindependent comparisons. Using …

Primers for 18 microsatellite loci originally isolated from whiting (6), stickleback
(Gasterosteus aculeatus, n—5) and cod (Gadus morhua, n= 7) were tested across a panel of …

Mutualistic, maternally transmitted endosymbiotic microorganisms undergo severe
population bottlenecks at each host generation, resulting in a reduction in effective …

It is well established on theoretical grounds that the accumulation of mildly deleterious
mutations in nonrecombining genomes is a major extinction risk in obligately asexual …