Genetic polymorphism varies among species and within genomes, and has important
implications for the evolution and conservation of species. The determinants of this variation …

Genomic analysis of many nonmodel species has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex
chromosome systems, making it possible to empirically test the rich body of evolutionary …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems
that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex …

Females and males often differ extensively in their physical traits. This sexual dimorphism is
largely caused by differences in gene expression. Recent advances in genomics, such as …

Snakes exhibit genetic sex determination, with female heterogametic sex chromosomes (ZZ
males, ZW females). Extensive cytogenetic work has suggested that the level of sex …

Three principal types of chromosomal sex determination are found in nature: male
heterogamety (XY systems, as in mammals), female heterogamety (ZW systems, as in birds) …

Methods of transcriptional profiling have made it possible to compare gene expression
between females and males on a genome-wide scale. Such studies have revealed that sex …

The profound and pervasive differences in gene expression observed between males and
females, and the unique evolutionary properties of these genes in many species, have led to …

We present a draft genome of the little bush moa (Anomalopteryx didiformis)—one of
approximately nine species of extinct flightless birds from Aotearoa, New Zealand—using …