The term “nociplastic pain” was introduced by the International Association for the Study of
Pain (IASP) in 2017 as a third mechanistic pain descriptor in addition to nociceptive and …

The redefinition of neuropathic pain, 23 which specifically excludes the concept of
“dysfunction,” has left a large group of patients without a valid pathophysiological descriptor …

The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous
system and the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin functions as a key neurotransmitter at both …

OBJECTIVES: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) are
functional bowel disorders. Evidence suggests that disturbance in the gastrointestinal …

Recent years have witnessed the rise of the gut microbiota as a major topic of research
interest in biology. Studies are revealing how variations and changes in the composition of …

Visceral pain is a global term used to describe pain originating from the internal organs of
the body, which affects a significant proportion of the population and is a common feature of …

For nearly 50 years, Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease has been
the go-to reference for gastroenterology and hepatology residents, fellows, physicians, and …

We aimed to review the published literature regarding the epidemiology of constipation in
the general paediatric and adult population and to assess its geographic, gender and age …

Bacterial colonisation of the gut plays a major role in postnatal development and maturation
of key systems that have the capacity to influence central nervous system (CNS) …

CONTEXT: The perception of pain due to an acute injury or in clinical pain states undergoes
substantial processing at supraspinal levels. Supraspinal, brain mechanisms are …