IL-6 is involved both in immune responses and in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone
metabolism and embryonic development. IL-6 plays roles in chronic inflammation (closely …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor
immunology. Several types of immunotherapy, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a genetically predisposed, female-predominant
disease, characterized by multiple organ damage, that in its most severe forms can be life …

Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by joint malfunction and chronic disability, is the most
common form of arthritis. Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related OA is …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique sentinel cell type that can detect pathogen-
derived nucleic acids and respond with rapid and massive production of type I interferon …

Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Over
150 million new infections of hepatitis A occur annually. HAV causes an acute inflammatory …

Most of what we know about adaptive immunity has come from inbred mouse studies, using
methods that are often difficult or impossible to confirm in humans. In addition, vaccine …

Type I interferon (IFN) is a class of proinflammatory cytokines with a dual role on malignant
transformation, tumor progression, and response to therapy. On the one hand, robust, acute …

Nanovehicles can efficiently carry and deliver anticancer agents to tumour sites. Compared
with normal tissue, the tumour microenvironment has some unique properties, such as …

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+ DM) is
an autoimmune condition associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and …